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"A statistical analysis was made on 468 cases of urolithiasis during the period April 1951 to September 1962, and the following data were obtained: 1. The incidence of the patients with the stones was 2.25 percent of total urological outpatients and 25.4 percent of the ward patients. 2. Incidences of urinary calculi are increasing year by year; 3.6 per cent in 1954, 12.8 per cent in 1958, and 20.7 per cent in 1962. 3. The incidence of stones in the upper urinary tract seemed to increase significantly while that of the lower tract did not. The ratio of upper urinary tract calculi over ones in the lower tract (24 : 76 in 1954), reversed with greatly increasing incidence of upper urinary tract calculi (69: 31 in 1962). 4. These stones consisted of renal stone in 14.5 per cent, ureteral stone in 45.6 per cent, bladder stone in 25.6 per cent and urethral stone in 13 per cent. 5. The stones were most commonly found between the ages of 20 to 50. The upper urinary tract calculi were more frequently seen in young adults but in aged and children lower urinary tract calculi were common. 6. The stones were found to occur predominantly in males than in females and the ratio was 5.4 : 1. 7. The upper urinary tract calculi occurred both in the left and right sides with approximately equal frequency. It was estimated that bilateral urinary calculi occurred in 6 per cent of the cases. 8. Multilocations of the stones in the urinary tracts occurred in 7 per cent of the total stones. 9. Seventy-three per cent of the ureteral stones were lodged in the lower ureter. 10. The results of qualitative chemical examination of stones were calcium oxalate in 30.7 per cent, calcium phosphate in 28.5 per cent, apatite in 19.3 per cent, uric acid and calcium phosphate in 9.1 per cent, uric acid and calcium oxalate in 6.8 per cent, uric acid in 3.4 per cent, and carbonate in 2.2 per cent. 11. Three hundred and nine of 468 cases were treated in the clinic. Spontaneous passage occurred in 10.4 per cent, 41.6 per cent were expelled following instrumental manipulation and 18.6 per cent were subjected to surgical intervention."
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